These techniques have already played a crucial role in fostering fields such as fetal neurology.
Medical imaging, in particular, non-invasive imaging techniques such as fetal MRI and ultrasound, are our current best tools to screen prenatal brain development. When applied in a timely manner, such interventions can significantly reduce the burden of disease. Early diagnosis, prognosis, and analysis of these conditions, their roots and causes, and their impact on brain development can lead to improved therapeutic interventions and treatment. Perinatal stroke may result in cerebral palsy. Very preterm birth and IUGR have been shown to increase the risk of epilepsy and autism. Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), for example, may result in neurodevelpmental delay. However, adverse events and conditions during gestation and in the perinatal period may result in alterations or abnormalities that may lead to long-term neurological morbidity or mental health conditions. The development of the human brain is a robust process that is amazingly geneticaly regulated.
Functions such as receptive language and speech production follow and higher cognitive functions develop afterwards: The visual and auditory functions also start to develop before birth but reach their peak of development within the first few months after birth. The axons then myelinate and the neocortex matures in a process that completes by adulthood.Īs axons grow and myelinate and synaptic connections form, the sensory and motor functions start to develop before birth. The human brain is developed through complex processes of neurulation, neuronal prolifertation and migration, apoptosis, and synaptogenesis that start in sequence shorly after conception and progress rapidly before birth.
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